砂体非均质性是铀成矿的关键因素之一--鄂尔多斯盆地东北部铀成矿规律探讨   总被引：26，自引：4，他引：22  

焦养泉  陈安平  杨琴  彭云彪  吴立群  苗爱生  王敏芳  徐志诚 《铀矿地质》2005,21(1):8-15

在鄂尔多斯盆地东北部,铀成矿与直罗组底部砂体的非均质性关系密切。砂体非均质性主要表现在平面和垂向上,其中,砂体平面非均质性可以通过砂分散体系来表征,而垂向非均质性则可以通过隔挡层和沉积物粒度来表征。在平面上,铀成矿主要分布于辫状河沉积体系向辫状河三角洲沉积体系过渡的辫状分流河道一侧,最佳成矿区则位于辫状分流河道砂体的频繁分岔处和从无隔挡层到隔挡层突发区的河道砂体边缘,且随着隔挡层数量和厚度的增加,铀成矿几率和品位逐渐降低;在垂向上,隔挡层的存在可以导致多个垂向序列单元、层间氧化带和铀矿卷头的发育。统计发现,中砂岩和细砂岩是铀成矿的最佳载体,所以在每个垂向序列单元中,铀矿通常位于辫状分流河道砂体的中下部。铀的成矿机理一方面可能是砂体非均质性通过对成矿流体运移状态的影响进而实现对铀成矿的控制,另一方面可能与沉积环境相变导致还原性物质的增加有关。通过砂体非均质性研究而总结的铀成矿规律是进行铀成矿空间定位和预测的基础。  相似文献   

On the sand surface stability in the southern part of Gurbantünggüt Desert     

Wang?Xueqin?Email author  Tao?Wang  Jin?Jiang  Congju?Zhao 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2005,48(6):778-785

Longitudinal dunes are the most widespread dune types in the world sand seas but comprehensive study on the sand surface stability is scarce. The southern part of Gürbantünggüt Desert is mainly covered by longitudinal dune in which fixed and semi-fixed dunes occupy over 80% of the total area. Systematic analysis on the climatic conditions, the soil moisture and vegetation distributions, and the sand surface activities showed that the fixed and semi-fixed dunes are in a comprehensive low-energy wind environment. Snow cover and frozen soil provide a good protection to the ground surface in winter. The temporal distribution of precipitation and corresponding variation of temperature create a favorable condition for the desert plants growth, especially for the ephemeral plants. The occurrence of effective winds for sand moving in April to June coincides with the stage of relatively wet sand surface and good vegetation cover, which effectively keep the sand surface stable at the interdune and the plinth of the dunes. Activity sand surface appears only at the crest and the upper part of the sand dunes.  相似文献   

Particle size distribution analysis of sand-sized particles by laser diffraction: an experimental investigation of instrument sensitivity and the effects of particle shape   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

SIMON J. BLOTT  KENNETH PYE 《Sedimentology》2006,53(3):671-685

Laser diffraction is now widely used for particle size distribution analysis of sediments and soils. The technique can be very precise, and offers advantages of speed and cost over many other methods when used to analyse mixtures of sand, silt and clay. This study presents the results of an experimental investigation that examined the sensitivity of the Beckman-Coulter LS230 instrument to mixtures of different grain populations and differences in particle shape. The instrument was found to have high sensitivity to coarse particles in a finer matrix (detection threshold 1–2%), but much lower sensitivity to finer particles in a coarser mixture (detection threshold 12–17%). Experiments using near-spherical ballotini showed that laser analysis provides very similar values to dry sieving for the mean, median and mode, but for a range of natural sand samples values for the mean, median and mode were offset by 8–21%, with an average of ca 15%, compared with sieving. Analysis using a Beckman-Coulter RapidVUE instrument, which provides both size and shape information, provided support for the hypothesis that the differences between laser analysis and sieving are partly attributable to the effects of particle shape. However, an additional factor is the way in which the laser software interprets the optical diffraction data. The software predicts a high degree of log-normality in the size distribution, such that highly skewed, truncated or bimodal samples are poorly represented. Experiments using sieved fractions of ballotini indicated that, even with near-perfectly spherical particles, the particle size distribution predicted by the laser software includes a relatively large percentage of particles outside the sieve class limits.  相似文献   

Sand beach energetics: An ecosystem approach towards a high energy interface     

A. McLachlan  T. Erasmus  A.H. Dye  T. Wooldridge  G. Van der Horst  G. Rossouw  T.A. Lasiak  L. McGwynne 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》1981,13(1):11-25

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Environmentalism and Natural Aggregate Mining     

Drew  Lawrence J.  Langer  William H.  Sachs  Janet S. 《Natural Resources Research》2002,11(1):19-28

Sustaining a developed economy and expanding a developing one require the use of large volumes of natural aggregate. Almost all human activity (commercial, recreational, or leisure) is transacted in or on facilities constructed from natural aggregate. In our urban and suburban worlds, we are almost totally dependent on supplies of water collected behind dams and transported through aqueducts made from concrete. Natural aggregate is essential to the facilities that produce energy—hydroelectric dams and coal-fired powerplants. Ironically, the utility created for mankind by the use of natural aggregate is rarely compared favorably with the environmental impacts of mining it. Instead, the empty quarries and pits are seen as large negative environmental consequences. At the root of this disassociation is the philosophy of environmentalism, which flavors our perceptions of the excavation, processing, and distribution of natural aggregate. The two end-member ideas in this philosophy are ecocentrism and anthropocentrism. Ecocentrism takes the position that the natural world is a organism whose arteries are the rivers—their flow must not be altered. The soil is another vital organ and must not be covered with concrete and asphalt. The motto of the ecocentrist is man must live more lightly on the land. The anthropocentrist wants clean water and air and an uncluttered landscape for human use. Mining is allowed and even encouraged, but dust and noise from quarry and pit operations must be minimized. The large volume of truck traffic is viewed as a real menace to human life and should be regulated and isolated. The environmental problems that the producers of natural aggregate (crushed stone and sand and gravel) face today are mostly difficult social and political concerns associated with the large holes dug in the ground and the large volume of heavy truck traffic associated with quarry and pit operations. These concerns have increased in recent years as society's demand for living space has encroached on the sites of production; in other words, the act of production has engendered condemnation. Many other environmental problems that are associated with dust and noise and blasting from quarry and pit operations have been reduced through the efficient use of technology. Recycling concrete in buildings, bridges, and roads and asphaltic pavements will ultimately reduce the demand for virgin natural aggregate. The impact created by the large holes in the ground required for the mining of natural aggregate can be greatly reduced by planning their reclamation before mining begins.  相似文献   

环境矿物、SAP、化学固沙浆材综合治理荒漠初探   总被引：8，自引：3，他引：5  

葛学贵  黄少云  马广伟  陈亦凡  靳化才  杨密纯 《岩石矿物学杂志》2001,20(4):511-514

介绍了水玻璃-乙酸乙酯、植物栲胶化学固沙浆材在柱撑蒙脱石、缺铝型沸石的制备方法及性能,并将柱撑蒙脱石、缺铝型沸石、SAP、生根素等以一定的配比和方式复合在一起,制备成具有保水、保肥、保墒等多项功能的“复合富水营养包”,实验室初步证明,在无水、无肥、昼夜温差较大,不采取任何植保措施的情况下,营养包可使树苗在沙土中度过3个月的成活期。根据两种固沙浆材的特性及营养包的功能,提出一种新的治理沙漠的设想;用化学固沙浆材料在较大范围内固定流沙,为树木生长创造一个相对稳定的环境,然后用营养包保活单株树木,当大量树木构成规模林带、林地后,即可实现地下保水、地表固沙、地上成林三维结合的立体综合治荒目标。  相似文献   

反向断阶构造样式与砂质沉积体发育     

程日辉  郑和荣  林畅松 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2001,31(2):146-148

孤南洼陷是一个复合的半地堑盆地 ,洼陷斜坡发育由断层和断块构成的断阶构造样式 ,其中一种为反断阶。反断阶的发育使得盆地斜坡的沉积地形复杂化 ,因此发育其上的砂质沉积体具有特殊的分布型式 ,包括展布方向、几何形态和水流特征。孤南凸起东南斜坡的反向断阶是由一正断层和倾向相反的斜坡构成。斜坡总体向盆内倾斜 ,但在断层处形成一个次级隆起。沙河街组二段的砂体是在这样的复合地形上沉积并赋存下来。在平面上该砂体一方面沿沉积斜坡方向延伸至断层 ,一方面沿断层走向延伸或越过断层 ,呈不规则的丁字形。砂体在越过孤南洼陷与孤岛凸起的分界断层后在远端发散 ,形成扇体。  相似文献   

古尔班通古特沙漠工程地质问题--以输水工程为例   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

杨小荟  王玉宝  崔东  贾磊 《水文地质工程地质》2005,32(3):23-26

沙漠的工程地质问题随工程类型的不同而不同。本文以输水工程为例,概要地论述了沙漠工程地质问题。风沙危害是沙漠中带有普遍性的问题,频繁而强劲的风力和地表充足的砂粒为风沙危害提供了条件;砂土湿陷性主要与其密度大小有关,当砂的干密度达到1 64g cm3时,湿陷性系数均小于0 015,即可消除湿陷性;渗透变形的形式为流土,破坏临界比降为0 9～1 73,属抗渗能力低的细粒砂土;天然沙漠砂为不冻胀砂,当含水量≤18%时为不冻胀—弱冻胀砂,饱和时为冻胀砂;挖方形成的高边坡在风蚀作用下使坡面增长,裸砂面积加大,加剧对渠道的淤积。  相似文献   

四川盆地地质构造演化特征与可地浸砂岩型铀矿找矿前景     

刘建华  朱西养  王四利  魏继生 《铀矿地质》2005,21(6):321-330

本文通过对四川盆地地质构造演化特征的分析,指出由于该盆地基底、盖层结构横向分块的不均一性,在盆地中构造活化弱的地段或抬升剥蚀较早的地段构造形变弱,深埋时间相对短,岩石固结程度较低;其隆坳过渡部位有条件形成较大范围的自流斜坡,有利于形成长期渗入的水文地质条件,是寻找可地浸砂岩型铀矿的目标区。赋存疏松砂体的三叠纪和侏罗纪地层是找矿的目的层。  相似文献   

头台油田源X区块高分辨率开发地震采集的保真措施     

孙培林 《中国煤田地质》2005,17(4):45-46,53

高分辩率开发地震采集数据是构造解释和砂体预测的基础资料，其保真程度的高低直接影响到小构造和砂体预测的准确性。震源的激发、波的传播、检波器的接收和仪器记录各个环节对地震信息的保真度都有影响。对地震采集各个环节的分析、研究对提高地震信息的保真度都具有重要意义。  相似文献